August 11, 2004
What is wealth anyway?

An old high school chum recently e-mailed me about the meaning of wealth. Without consulting anything, I whipped up the following answer. Now I wonder how I did? If anyone thinks I made any blunders let me know!

The simplest definition of wealth is that it is any lasting asset that is valued by people. Strictly speaking it might include intangible things (a sense of humor), but most often we think of wealth in terms of tangible assets like cars, houses, stocks, bonds, fine art, etc.

It is important to note that the value of a thing is highly subjective and depends on who is doing the evaluation and when and where the valuing is taking place. What is the value of the Mona Lisa? I don't know and short of holding an auction for it, there's no way to tell.

Some wealth, a factory for example, is used as a productive asset in that it is used to make other items of value. This type of wealth is called capital. Some wealth, a painting for example, is simply valued for its beauty (or as often for its resale value).

Notice that by my definition a person is wealth. Economists refer to people as "human capital" because people are clearly lasting assets of value that we use to make other items of value.

Finally, there is an important distinction between wealth and income that often confuses students. Income is the flow of value that comes from wealth. In practical terms, the corn that we grow from the land is "income" while the land itself is the "wealth". It gets complicated because we can convert income into wealth to create still more wealth. We can for example use some of the corn we grow to purchase a new house for the farm. And to complete the circle, the value of a piece of wealth is often determined by its ability to generate income.

Posted by Robert Lawson at 09:18 PM  ·  TrackBack (21)

The statesman who should attempt to direct private people in what manner they ought to employ their capitals would not only load himself with a most unnecessary attention, but assume an authority which could safely be trusted, not only to no single person, but to no council or senate whatever, and which would nowhere be so dangerous as in the hands of a man who had folly and presumption enough to fancy himself fit to exercise it. -Adam Smith

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